A corporate officer is a data management role responsible for managing the enterprise’s data assets.

Responsibilities are:

• Establishing an organizational data (management) strategy.
• Aligning data-centric requirements with available IT and business resources.
• Establishing data governance standards, policies and procedures.
• Providing advice (and perhaps services) to the business for data-dependent initiatives, such as business analytics, Big Data, data quality, and data technologies.
• Evangelizing the importance of good information management principles to internal and external business stakeholders.
• Oversight of data usage in analytics and Business Intelligence.

Chief data officer is an instance of a data management role.

A chief data officer is part of roles and responsibilities

DAMA Dictionary of Data Management. 2nd Edition 2011